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Maurice Sugar (1891 - February 15, 1974) was an American political activist and labor attorney. He is best remembered as the General Counsel of the United Auto Workers Union from 1937 to 1946. ==Early years== Maurice Sugar was born August 12, 1891 in Brimley, Michigan (now Superior Township), the son of ethnic Jewish parents who had emigrated to America from Lithuania, which was then part of the Russian empire.〔Christopher H. Johnson, ''Maurice Sugar: Law, Labor, and the Left in Detroit, 1912-1950.'' Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1988; pg. 23.〕 Maurice's father, Kalman Sugar, worked as a storekeeper, selling general provisions.〔Marion Dickerman and Ruth Taylor (eds.), ''Who's Who in Labor.'' New York: The Dryden Press, 1946; pg. 344.〕 Maurice's parents were not politically radical, with his father a staunch supporter of populist Democrat William Jennings Bryan in the 1890s.〔Johnson, ''Maurice Sugar,'' pg. 27.〕 Kalman Sugar eventually joined the Socialist Party of America in 1918, but it was under the influence of his son, not vice versa, as in the more typical case of so-called "red diaper babies."〔 Growing up in Brimley, Sugar was exposed to the culture of a variety of nationalities, as a large number of immigrants from French Canada, Sweden, Finland, and Germany were employed in the dominant timber industry of Michigan's Upper Peninsula.〔Johnson, ''Maurice Sugar,'' pg. 29.〕 The cultural diversity left its mark upon him, his biographer notes:
In the summer of 1900, the Sugar family moved to Detroit, the bustling metropolis on Michigan's eastern shore. The city was in the cusp of an enormous economic boom based around the emerging automobile industry, which would expand from 7200 workers in the city in 1908 to over 100,000 just eight years later.〔Johnson, ''Maurice Sugar,'' pg. 35.〕 The city boasted a large immigrant population, including many who had left poverty and repression in the Russian empire; some 88 percent of all Russian immigrants in Detroit were Jews.〔 The reason for the Sugars' move was not cultural, however, but related to the belief of his parents that Maurice and his sister and brothers were being poorly educated in Brimley.〔Johnson, ''Maurice Sugar,'' pg. 34.〕 The family store was left in the hands of one of Maurice's brothers, while Maurice's father invested in a Detroit clothing store.〔Johnson, ''Maurice Sugar,'' pg. 38.〕 Brimley was in a state of economic decline, however, with the International Paper Company pulling up stakes on its Brimley facility in 1903 and a recession hitting the country in 1906. In an effort to save the floundering family store in Brimley, the Sugars returned in 1906. Maurice was sent with his brothers to Sault Ste. Marie to attend high school.〔 In September 1910, Sugar enrolled at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, studying law. Michigan was chosen for economic reasons: as a state-run school its tuition rate was more affordable than other more prestigious private universities.〔 The school had a 3 year program in law at the time;〔 Sugar completed his course work on schedule, graduating in 1913 with his Bachelor of Laws degree.〔 While at college, Sugar had met a red-headed tomboy from Grand Rapids, Jane Mayer. Mayer, the socialist daughter of socialists, and Sugar became close, both emotionally and politically, with the pair joining the University of Michigan chapter of the Intercollegiate Socialist Society together.〔Johnson, ''Maurice Sugar,'' pp. 40-41.〕 The couple would marry in April 1914. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Maurice Sugar」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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